It was a cool and overcast day, the day Associate Professor of Liberal Arts, Crisosto Apache’s life changed forever. An acclaimed writer for years, this day marked Apache’s most notable achievement to date. Flurries fluttered about a gray sky as Apache entered the Colorado State Capitol, enroute to meet Colorado Governor, Jared Polis. The date was Wednesday, January 28, 2026, the day Crisosto Apache would be named Colorado’s first-ever indigenous Poet Laureate!

What is a Poet Laureate?

Poet Laureate is one of the most prestigious titles in all of literature; as its name might lead you to believe, it is strictly reserved for poets. Like the term Nobel Laureate (someone who wins a Nobel prize), Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines Poet Laureate simply as “a poet honored for achievement,” however, specific governing bodies may provide more detailed definitions.

As such, there are several different types of Poets Laureate (the technical plural term, although Poet Laureates is used as well) recognized by different governing bodies. According to the Library of Congress, 46 states (including Colorado) have a Poet Laureate, the exceptions being Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Alaska and Idaho (the latter two states have similar yet different official positions). At the national level, there is also another Poet Laureate, who is determined by the Librarian of Congress. These Laureate roles are more often detailed as being ambassadors for poetry and usually serve for a predetermined amount of time.

Colorado’s Poet Laureate is chosen by the Governor from a list of community nominations who “demonstrate exceptional poetic talent, a commitment to community engagement, and a desire to foster the appreciation of poetry across Colorado.” Jared Polis, Colorado’s 43rd Governor, selected Crisosto Apache to be the state’s next Poet Laureate because of Apache’s strong literary voice, commanding use of language, and empathic approach to depicting the unique and universal human experiences.

Who is Crisosto Apache?

Crisosto Apache was born in Mescalero, New Mexico, on the Mescalero Apache Reservation in 1971. Crisosto is Mescalero Apache, Chiricahua Apache, and Diné (Navajo) of ‘Áshįįhí (Salt Clan) born for Kinyaa’áanii (Towering House Clan). Since childhood, Apache has always admired the impact of language, saying, “I have always believed that words have the power to change the landscape of hearts and minds.” That belief led Crisosto to pursue an education, towards becoming a writer. According to an interview for Outwords, Apache was the first of the family to graduate from high school. 

Education wasn’t just an important step in Apache’s journey towards Poet Laureate; it became the foundation. After high school, Apache earned an Associate of Fine Arts in creative writing from the Institute of American Indian Arts in 1992. 

Apache moved to Denver in 1998 to attain a BA in English and Native American Studies from Metropolitan State University. It was at that point that Apache encountered the Two-Spirit Society of Denver, an organization dedicated to honoring and restoring the cultural significance of traditional non-binary indigenous community members. Since then, Apache has remained a passionate advocate for the two-spirit identity and continues to incorporate themes of what it means to be proud of being indigenous and queer in the modern climate.

In 2015, Apache returned to the Institute of American Indian Arts for an MFA in creative writing. Two years later, in 2017, Apache got the opportunity to join the RMCAD family as an Associate Professor of Liberal Arts. Apache enjoys teaching English Composition, Literature, World Thought, and of course, Poetry.

Since 2017, Apache has become an especially prolific voice in not only the Indigenous and Colorado poetry scenes but on the national stage. In 2018, Apache released “GENESIS”, a collection of poetry that utilized both the Apache Language (Nde Bizaa) and the Navajo Language (Dine Bizaad) to meditate on indigenous culture, queer culture, and the intersection between the two, among other things.

 

In 2023, Apache delivered a long-awaited follow-up, “Ghostword,” which is written in conversation with Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s 1927 work, “A Fool’s Life.” Blending the Mescalero Apache language and culture with Japanese influences, “Ghostword” taps into that universal human experience that exists beyond space and time. Most recently, in 2025, Apache won the Betty Berzon Emerging Writers Award and was a finalist for the Colorado Authors League for a book of poetry titled “is(ness).” Additionally, Apache is also the editor-at-large for Offing Magazine, an online literary magazine that publishes original works from all genres.

While at RMCAD, Apache has continued to prove tremendous talent as an educator and poet. Sharing with students the expressive power of poetry and the impact it can have. “I am full of gratitude to be part of Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, an institutional community that fully supports me stepping into the role of Poet Laureate. I continue to believe that poetry is more vital now than ever and is not merely an art form, but a bridge to truth,” shared Apache. 

What Will Crisosto Apache do as the Colorado Poet Laureate?

Crisosto Apache will hold the honor for a two-year term, which will involve outreach work as an ambassador for the arts all throughout Colorado. This term is especially noteworthy as Colorado celebrates its 150th anniversary alongside the United States’ 250th anniversary. As an ambassador for the arts, this role will take Apache all across the state, doing poetry readings and workshops with the many unique communities of Colorado, and focusing on bringing poetry to the youth.

Apache is, of course, honored to receive this recognition and excited to perform the role’s responsibilities. “My heart is full of joy and gratitude to be entrusted with this position, and to join the lineage of the incredible poetic voices that have shaped Colorado; it is an honor beyond words,” shared Crisosto Apache. As the state’s 11th Poet Laureate, Apache is now a part of a long and respected history dating all the way back to Alice Polk, who was named Colorado’s first Poet Laureate in 1919.

It will be particularly exciting to see Apache interface with the diverse state of Colorado as the first Indigenous Poet Laureate in state history. As such, Apache hopes to use this opportunity to inspire others. “In my service as Laureate, I hope to continue to support my students, colleagues, and the community of Colorado, utilizing poetry as a light.” Crisosto Apache has already begun to shine a light on the community here at RMCAD, and we cannot wait to see what such a promising educator and poet like Apache will do with this exciting new role!

Create Where Excellence Teaches

At Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, we’re proud to offer both on-campus and online degrees. Our degree programs prepare students for a full array of different art and design career paths. Interested in learning more about our art and design programs? Get in touch to request more information here or apply today.

The post The Poet Laureate Teaching the Next Generation: Who is Crisosto Apache? appeared first on RMCAD.

Defining the Low-Budget, High-Impact Mindset

When it comes to making though-provoking art, it’s the quality of your ideas and execution that matters, not the price of your materials. However, the issue with cheap art supplies is that they can hinder an artist’s execution and muddle the desired themes of a work. When the execution is compromised, audience members may fail to see the author’s intent and even the finest of ideas can go unnoticed.

Cost per Learning Outcome, Not Cost per Item

When budgeting for new projects as an artist it is important to remember that you’re not only designing a budget for a desired project but also a desired improvement in your own skillset. As such, it may be useful to consider your investment in materials as an investment in your own creative education.

Prioritizing Core Media, Tools, and Cross-Use Versatility

For artists looking to save money, it’s helpful to select a core medium or media to stick to. That way when purchasing tools and materials for a new project there is a high likelihood that those same purchases will remain useful for new projects and continue to save the artist money.

Equity, Access, and Community Partnerships

Artists can utilize community partnerships to make their artwork more accessible and lower costs by tapping into the existing organizations aligned with their goals. One example of outreach could include collaborating with the local library. Not only do libraries also have tools like 3D-printers that are too expensive for young artists, but they can also get in touch with community members.

Smarter Sourcing and Purchasing

Looking for affordable art supplies at big box stores as well as local retailers can help you learn the cost of different materials. By keeping an eye out for coupons, end of year sales, and bulk buy discounts artists can strike when the deals are their best.

Joining an Artists Co-ops

There are a lot of great benefits provided to artists when joining an artists cooperative (co-op). According to Craft Industry Alliance, artists can save by using a shared tool lending library and cooperative purchasing. In addition to these benefits, co-ops often have a storefront for artists to sell their work in exchange for staffing the storefront a given number of hours each month. Additionally, the community formed within co-ops is often the largest selling point for artists.

Thrift, Surplus, and Habitat Restores for Alternative Materials

For budget conscious artists there are a myriad of second-hand art supplies available. Checking Goodwill for thrift store finds, or surplus stores like Ross can provide some of the fundamental supplies. Habitat Restores can also offer cheap, non-conventional art supplies that are sure to prompt artists to think about familiar items in creative ways.

Educational Discounts

Many local and national retailers may provide discount art supplies to those currently enrolled in school. This also applies to many software tools worth considering such as Adobe Creative Cloud. There is a fairly brief window in which artists can take advantage of these discounts thus they are particularly worth learning about.

Using Recycled Materials

Utilizing recycled materials such as cardboard or styrofoam provides artists a low cost or no cost way of iterating ideas without fear of failure. Low cost art materials take attention off of expenses and leave space for artists to focus on personal improvement. 

Sustainability as a Selling Point

Respurposing that which would otherwise be thrown away into sustainable art materials can be a major selling point for prospective customers. By decreasing waste and turning it into a value-add, artists can align their values with their aesthetics and attract those who want art that has a “green” message.

Homemade Grounds and Natural Pigments

Creativity is lurking around every corner and maybe even in your drink! Unexpected waste materials like coffee grounds can be repurposed into natural pigment making. Additionally, according to Upcycled Design Lab grounds can even be used to add unique texture to one of a kind projects.

Reuse Systems and Circular Workflows

Many artistic processes also create waste, as such one of the best things artists can do when making art is finding a way to reuse these materials in their work. Doing so generates a “Circular Workflow” where the byproducts of a single process can be used again when the process is repeated.

Inventory Systems and Storage

Time is the most important resource anyone can possess, especially an artist. As such, spending hours searching around messy studio space is not only a waste of time but it can seriously disrupt creative workflows at important turning points. To avoid this, artists might consider seriously organizing their studio inventory.

Barcode/QR Tracking, PAR Levels, and Reorder Points

To keep certain supplies in consistent stock, artists can utilize barcode inventory or QR code tracking to maintain stable supply levels. Additionally, PAR Levels calculate an ideal inventory count for a particular resource so it is clear when to make a PAR level reorder.

FIFO Rotation, Labeling Standards, and Color Codes

First in first out or FIFO rotation is a helpful tool for getting the most out of resources like paints that will inevitably expire. By labelling materials with not only an expiration date but also purchase date, artists are able to get the most out of their materials. Combining this technique with color coding can make the age of an item instantly recognizable.

Secure Storage: Sharps, Aerosols, and Restricted Access

Depending on the chosen medium or media of an artist, their studio might contain potentially hazardous items worth keeping in a safe and secured space. From paint thinner to razor blades there are all types of safety concerns that come with various art supplies. Locked safe storage cabinets with proper labelling and ventilation can be a literal life saver for artists handling potentially dangerous supplies, especially in a classroom or a home with a child.

Teaching With Constraints

Applying constraints to a project may feel limiting at first glance but they often spark an artist’s creativity in unique ways. Working with particular materials or limited resources can do the same thing while also ensuring a project stays under budget.

One-Media Challenges 

Many artists strive to work in a diverse variety of media, however the costs of constantly switching between different media can mean costly expenditures on new materials and equipment. Honing a single medium can push an artist’s limits and grow their creativity. The repetition of a single material can inspire artists to express new and bold ideas. 

“Use What You Have” 

“Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can,” is a quote popularized by tennis legend Arthur Ashe. However, it is also perfectly applicable to the world of art. It encourages artists to not only use the materials readily available to them but also finding inspiration everywhere.

Rubrics That Reward Ingenuity and Care

Art educators looking to impress upon their students the value of cheap art supplies should consider constructing rubrics that reflect this emphasis. Considerations for students might include preparing an artist statement which describes their process using affordable materials and how the materiality affects the desired message of the piece.

Case Studies: Global Perspectives

Artists and designers can always find added inspirations by learning more about a wealth of diverse projects and perspectives. Let’s break down a few global case studies that highlight cost effective creativity.

United Kingdom—Community “Scrapstore” Integration for Textiles

In Bristol, United Kingdom Children’s Scrapstore is a charity focused on the reuse and upcycling of previously discarded materials as art supplies. Their goal is to divert waste from landfills by accepting donations from businesses looking to get rid of reusable materials. Scrap store sourcing is available to community members at a low cost to inspire an outlet for children and adults to express their creativity.

Kenya—Upcycled Sculpture From E-Waste and Market Offcuts

According to thekidsshouldseethis.com, Cyrus Kabiru is a Kenyan artist who is taking recycling to the next level through his creative use of e-waste. Kabiru has made a name for himself by making stylish eyeglasses from Nairobi’s discarded e-waste, saying ‘“I try to give trash a second chance… We need to change our mentality. We need to be creative with what we’re doing.”

Australia—Regional Materials Library and Traveling Tool Kits

In Australia, one idea is catching like wildfire, a centralized Tool Lending Library. toollibrary.com.au is an Australian site dedicated to helping individuals find access to specific tools in their region. By promoting shared resources, sites like these minimize an individual consumer’s footprint.

High Impact Education 

You can find inspiration in more than just low cost art materials, find it in a new community! At Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, we offer an on-campus and online Bachelor of Fine Arts Programs, both of which emphasize the importance of reducing environmental impact through the creative use and sources of unique materials. Request more information about our fine arts degree programs today.

FAQs: Sourcing Art Supplies

Q1: Where do I find reliable low-cost supplies without sacrificing quality?

• Compare educational vendors, join buying co-ops, and mix new with thrift/surplus items.

Q2: How do I manage donations so they don’t create clutter?

• Publish a “yes/no” list, schedule intake windows, pre-sort, and log items. Keep only curriculum-aligned donations; redirect extras to maker spaces or scrap stores.

 Q3: What inventory system works for a small program?

• Start with a spreadsheet plus QR codes for bins. Track PAR levels, set reorder points, and run a monthly cycle count. 

Q4: What are safe storage rules for paints, solvents, and aerosols?

• Store flammables in approved cabinets, segregate acids/bases, keep Safety Data Sheets on file, provide ventilation and utilize PPE.

H3: Q5: How can I make eco-friendly substitutions students will accept?

• A/B test: present solvent-free or low-VOC options alongside legacy media, compare outcomes, and gather feedback. Document wins and updated supply lists.

Q7: What if my class breaks tools frequently?

• Implement check-in/out, teach care routines, assign roles (tech/clean), keep a repair log, and buy mid-tier tools with replaceable parts to lower lifetime cost.

The post Low-Budget, High-Impact: Sourcing Art Supplies and Managing Materials appeared first on RMCAD.

You likely already know that the RMCAD campus has a long and storied history even before it was an art college. However, do you know about the women who dedicated their lives to the local community where RMCAD now stands? That’s the question the 360 Thinkers Club is asking members of the RMCAD community. The 360 Thinkers is a student organization that aids members in honing their creativity and inspiring individuality and group collaboration. The club was founded by Zuzana Tothova, an online art education student, as a collaboration between on-campus and online students. The club’s largest collaboration to date is a mural on the RMCAD campus in Triboro 102, which was installed in October 2024. The mural heralds three of the often-overlooked figures in our campus’ story, encouraging the RMCAD community by highlighting these inspiring women. 

The 360 Thinkers Club wanted to find a way to immortalize all the outstanding women who have played a role in fostering RMCAD’s community, but with limited time and resources, they chose three women who each made a larger-than-life impact. The women they chose were Chipeta, an Indigenous leader of the Ute tribe and wife of chief Ouray; Mary Harris, the president of the Jewish Consumptive Relief Society (JCRS) and the namesake of RMCAD’s auditorium; and Bessie Marold, a World War I veteran and head nurse of the JCRS. As president of the 360 Thinkers, Tothova says the mural’s legacy is about “healing.” She saw these women as healers who never got to share their stories. By creating this piece, the 360 Thinkers attempted to heal the narrative around each of these women. However, honoring the likeness of each one of these incredible women came with its own challenges.

Chipeta

Chipeta is a prolific figure not only in the Indigenous community but also for women across the United States. Born in 1834, she lived a long life as a diplomat who negotiated with the U.S. government on behalf of her tribe and was one of the first Indigenous women to ever speak in front of Congress. The 360 Thinkers wanted to acknowledge the tribal land where RMCAD’s campus now stands with care and sensitivity.

As such, a faculty member connected the club with an Indigenous artist, Chelsea Kaiah James, for insights on depicting Chipeta respectfully. Tothova shared that through these conversations, the club learned that Chipeta wouldn’t have “wanted to have her face on a wall because it wouldn’t align with her beliefs.”. Instead, it was suggested that the club find a way to honor her without having her “closed in” ensuring the freedom for her people and herself was depicted. The 360 Thinkers didn’t want to lose this important acknowledgment, so they took an even deeper dive into their research. A breakthrough came in the form of translation. In Ute Shoshonean, Chipeta’s name translates to “singing white bird.” This inspired the club to depict Chipeta as a white songbird flying freely above the Colorado landscape.

Mary Harris

Like many women in her era, Mary Harris was almost entirely overlooked by history. As the president of the JCRS, she aided in building a community for those in need of medical care. Often confused for Mary Harris Jones, the 360 Thinkers had only one photo as a reference for the correct Mary Harris. Despite her incredible contributions to the JCRS, there was far less documentation of her, than men of the time, like Dr. Charles Spivak. With limited resources, the muralists were unsure how to represent Harris’ likeness, but the club refused to be stopped. They studied and sketched her photo countless times until it was just right. From only a single black-and-white photo, they brought the color back to Harris’ legacy. 

Bessie Marold

On the other hand, Bessie Marold’s legacy is a bit more notorious. Remembered not as a pillar of her community but as “the woman in white,” Marold has long been relegated to a ghost story. Born in 1893, she was a survivor and healer her entire life. Marold served in WWI, before coming to the JCRS as a patient and eventually becoming the community’s head nurse. However, when she was murdered by a patient in 1919 because she refused his proposal. Posthumously pigeonholed as the campus ghost. That was exactly the perception of Marold that the 360 Thinkers wanted to put to rest. “Everybody always says she’s the campus ghost, but she was more than that,” proclaimed the club president. The mural honors Marold as a nurse and veteran, not just as a victim whose death was trivialized for cheap scares. As the club dug deeper into Marold’s story, it sent the project in a whole new direction. Tothova and the club members discovered that Marold’s grave had a star next to it because she was a U.S. Army Veteran. Inspired by the star, the club embedded it into the mural to represent her healing characteristics.

Incorporating other symbols into the mural was the final cherry on top of the design. Searching through each of these women’s lives and cultures, the 360 Thinkers accumulated and sketched all sorts of images. The club incorporated the Chipeta and Ouray mountains which were named for the Indigenous leader and her husband, as well as the healing yucca plants and a willow tree which also represented a historic willow on campus. The mural establishes the JCRS as a place of healing by incorporating images of the original gate. The final component of the 360 Thinkers mural doesn’t represent the past at all. The timeless RMCAD geodesic dome embodies the college’s future. Fitted with mirrors designed to replicate the dome’s unique shape, community members will literally see themselves in the mural’s story of excellence and healing. 

The post Feminism for the Classroom: Immortalizing the Historical Women of RMCAD’s Campus appeared first on RMCAD.

If this fascinates you, you might appreciate taking a deeper dive into the variety of restoration and preservation techniques used over the years. Additionally, you can explore some of the challenges and modern solutions in architectural preservation.

The Significance of Building Restoration in Western Societies

“Wouldn’t it be easier to just construct an entirely new building rather than restore an old structure?”

This is a question some may have when it comes to historical building restoration. In reality, there are numerous reasons why people in Western civilizations believe it’s important to take on historical building restoration projects. This is prevalent even in situations where it may actually be easier or more cost-effective to build new.

Respecting Historical Integrity

First, the conservation of heritage buildings and maintenance of historic buildings respects and preserves historical integrity, allowing us to continue gaining insights about previous eras of interior design, ways of living and architectural design. Older buildings can say a lot about how people used to live and work, and that kind of information can be extremely valuable today.

Second, many older buildings have architectural significance. They may showcase incredible eras of architecture that simply cannot be recreated in new building construction today. By taking on the work of historical building renovations and preservation, it is possible to literally save a piece of architectural history for future generations to enjoy and learn from.

In addition to these significant reasons to take on historical building preservation, this type of work can:

• Ensure that history and culture are not forgotten.
• Boost local tourism and business.

With all this in mind, it’s easier to see how the work of restoration architecture firms matters so much.

Modern Challenges in Historical Restoration

Of course, as critical as restoration might be, the reality is that the professionals who take on restoration and maintenance of historic buildings constantly run into a number of challenges and obstacles.

For example, consider that some older buildings were constructed using materials that we now know are hazardous. This can open up a whole host of challenges and problems as construction workers handle these dangerous materials and must dispose of them with the utmost care.

Another common challenge professionals run into when working on historic buildings is that of complying with preservation laws and other regulations that may be in place. Even an older building, if being used by the public, may need to be brought up to certain codes and standards. Needing to add an access elevator or wheelchair ramp to a 200-year-old building, for example, can present some unique logistical challenges.

In other cases, historical buildings may be protected by certain laws or legal agreements, such as those put forth by the National Historic Preservation Act or even local regulations.

Combine all of this with the budgetary constraints that many of these projects tend to come with, and it’s easy to see why taking on a historical building preservation or renovation project can be so complicated. After all, historic preservation grants can be difficult to come by, and their funding only goes so far. Often, these projects run into multiple roadblocks that force them to veer off of the timeline.

Case Study: The Restoration of Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris

In looking at the restoration of historical sites, perhaps one of the most notable projects worth exploring is that of the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris restoration project. Over the past several decades, this cathedral has been undergoing a number of renovation and preservation projects in an effort to maintain what is widely regarded as the most famous example of Gothic cathedrals—characterized by asymmetrical design, pointed arches, stained glass windows and intricate and ornate stylings—from the European middle ages (approximately 476 to 1453 C.E.). However, it has not been a smooth road.

History and Significance of Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris    

Notre-Dame de Paris, which was constructed between 1163 and 1260, is a medieval Catholic cathedral located in France. From an architectural standpoint, it is considered one of the most well-known examples of the French Gothic architecture style, which is characterized by its iconic rib vault, beautiful rose windows and abundant sculptural designs.

2019 Fire and Subsequent Restoration Efforts

Over the centuries, the Notre Dame cathedral has experienced a series of events that have caused damage to the building and its structure.

Restoration work on Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris continues today after a fire broke out inside the cathedral in April 2019. Unfortunately, this fire resulted in significant damage, forcing it to close indefinitely. Ever since, ongoing efforts to restore the structure have been undertaken by various restoration architecture firms. Currently, the cathedral is scheduled to reopen in December of 2024.

Innovation in Restoration Techniques

Even with the challenges that restoring old buildings presents, the good news is that there are more innovations, technologies, and resources available to restoration teams to tackle these jobs than ever before. From time-saving tools to sustainable building materials and more, restoration teams have a lot to work with when blending contemporary design with historical structures.

Integrating Contemporary Design With Historical Structures

When historic buildings are renovated and restored, it is common for architects to incorporate some elements of contemporary design in a way that is subtle yet beneficial to the structure. For instance, consider the emergence of adaptive reuse projects across the country and across the globe.

Specifically, adaptive use architecture refers to a movement where an existing building is repurposed for something other than what it was originally built for. This allows architecture teams to safely incorporate some elements of contemporary design while preserving some of the most notable features of the original building.

The adaptive reuse of historic buildings isn’t just a great way to preserve architecture and history, but can also be a cost-effective way to breathe new life into an area. You can read more about iconic adaptive reuse projects online, but Detroit’s Michigan Central Station serves as a prime example of adaptive reuse architecture in action.

Iconic U.S. Buildings and Their Restorations

Throughout the years, there have been many notable restorations of historic buildings across the United States, two of which include the restoration of the Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings and the preservation of New York’s Empire State Building.

Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings – Indigenous Architecture

In 2022, a free-standing arch spanning across the Spruce Tree House cliff at Mesa Verde National Park was showing signs of imminent collapse. The cliff was the site of numerous significant cultural events as well as a popular attraction among park visitors. Even more importantly, this space remains critical to preserving the cultural identity of indigenous populations. As of 2024, the arch and other areas of the cliff dwellings continue to undergo restoration work.

The Preservation of the Empire State Building

New York City’s Empire State Building has also experienced restoration and preservation work over the years. Perhaps most notably, the building has seen renovations in recent years to implement sustainable design practices as a means of allowing the enormous building to run more sustainably. This included replacing many of the building’s original lighting and window fixtures, which has been a massive undertaking.

Global Perspectives on Preservation

Of course, historic building preservation isn’t just a focus in the U.S. Across other parts of the world, famous structures are undergoing critical preservation and restoration initiatives and efforts.

Taj Mahal

Some efforts are being made to preserve the Taj Mahal in India—a famous architectural masterpiece, mausoleum and cornerstone of Islamic art—including the establishment of a large area around the building meant to protect it from the prevalent problem of pollution. According to Smithsonian Magazine, other restoration work will include scrubbing its marble exterior, rebuilding the main gates, and replacing the building’s inlay.

Maota Pagoda

Meanwhile, recent initiatives aimed to restore the Buddhist Maota Pagoda on Maodao Island within Shanghai, Chin—which has suffered damage over the years due to its sheer and impressive age that dates back to the Tang dynasty of 618 to 907 C.E. Following a five-month restoration period, the Maota Pagoda reopened in September 2023.

Because much of the tiered tower is wood, its structural integrity has been threatened by erosion, rot and termites. Additionally, broken tile and beams were replaced as a means of restoring the pagoda to its former glory. To help safeguard against the hazard of lightning strikes, too, part of its restoration focused on repairing lighting protection facilities.

Interested in a Career in Interior Design or Historic Preservation?

With as much work, planning and innovation that goes into maintaining and restoring historic buildings, it makes sense that the professionals responsible for this important work need to be properly trained and educated.

Interested in leaving your own mark on today’s buildings, including new construction and historical sites? If so, then it may be time to explore a degree in interior design. At Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, we’re proud to offer a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Interior Design that can prepare you to handle everything from drafting and building/code regulations to project management and more. Ready to learn more? Get in touch today to request information about RMCAD’s interior design program, which is available both on-campus and online for your convenience. If you’re ready to apply, you can also begin your online application for enrollment now.

The post Preserving History Through Design: Transformative Restorations of Iconic Buildings appeared first on RMCAD.

Understanding the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) 

A lot goes into the design of a bachelor’s degree, Bachelor of Arts requirements emphasize a diverse range of topics.

Curriculum Focus

National University says this degree focuses on advancing knowledge rather than honing creative technique and skill. According to All Art Schools, two-thirds of the degree’s coursework is a liberal arts degree, which offers more general education, and one-third of B.A. curriculum is focused on the specifics of a student’s chosen major. This means a Bachelor of Arts is designed to prepare students with critical thinking skills, communications, and foundational knowledge in the humanities.

Areas of Study

Students enrolled in a Bachelor of Arts program have a wide array of options when it comes to fields to study, many of which you may not immediately associate with the word art, such as politics, religion, economics, and criminology – in as well as visual art, according to the University of Sydney.

Understanding the Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)

What is a BFA degree? A Bachelor of Fine Arts or BFA has much in common with a B.A. However, the curriculum prioritizes a more specialized learning style.

Curriculum Focus

BFAs emphasize the importance of creation in and outside of the classroom. All Art Schools also states that while BFA programs include some liberal arts education, this only accounts for around a third of BFA curriculum, instead focusing on honing the student’s creative skills in a particular area of focus. This means the other two-thirds of the curriculum is a mix of theory, history, and studio time of the chosen major’s craft. According to Coursera, BFA programs are also more likely to be in-person with synchronous classes. This option gives a deeper dive into a single discipline.

Areas of Study

In keeping with the program’s emphasis on creation, a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree presses the importance of students making some form of media, such as a painting, a dance, or a song. According to Coursera, BFA fields of study are specific to art, such as film, ceramics, and music theory. 

Key Differences in Educational Approach

There is a big difference between B.A. and BFA education. Students looking at graduation requirements will need to know how their degree is designed.

Course Structure and Requirements

Admissions requirements may differ between the two degrees, even at institutions that offer both degrees. As US News states “It’s also common for B.A. and B.F.A. programs to have different admissions requirements… B.F.A. programs often require prospective students to submit a portfolio of their artwork or audition.” 

Depth vs. Breadth

Depending on what a student is looking for in their education, they may desire the depth of a BFA or the breadth of a B.A. When deciding between these two learning styles, students should consider their career goals after graduation. Depending on the field a student may prefer to be a jack of all trades or a master of one. Many positions collaborate with members of different industries or departments, thus having a wide range of knowledge can be helpful. At the same time, being a specialist in your field of work may also prove advantageous.

Career Paths and Opportunities

When prospective students select a degree pathway, one of the biggest considerations is how it will affect their employment beyond school.

Careers with a B.A.

Students can receive a Bachelor of Arts in several areas, such as journalism or history. Therefore, not all B.A. graduates are even artists. When beginning a career, not all B.A. graduates are qualified for the same positions. These students instead share educational fundamentals, which might include math, anthropology, or english. B.A. degree careers vary widely from person to person.

Careers with a BFA

The specialized education that BFA graduates possess may be ideal for a candidate who knows exactly which field they want to pursue as BFA degree careers are more specific to visual arts.

Choosing the Right Degree for You

Choosing a B.A. vs. BFA can be overwhelming. A vital question for students to answer is; how focused do they want to be on the arts?

Factors to Consider

Consider how B.A. curriculum and BFA curriculums have different liberal arts requirements. A four-year degree means hundreds of hours spent studying, so it is important that students choose the appropriate path.

Student Pathways

Most colleges and universities allow students to enroll as undeclared, which means they have yet to declare a major by the time coursework begins. This is a good opportunity for students who are still determining a major. For undeclared students or even just those who are uncertain, liberal arts education exposes them to an array of options. Alternatively, many college freshmen know exactly the degree they want.

Educational Outcomes and Further Studies

The impact any degree will have on a graduate extends far beyond the classroom.

Graduate Studies Options

When it comes to deciding on a bachelor’s degree, an important consideration for students might be whether or not they intend to pursue a more advanced degree later in life. Most graduate programs look for “A bachelor’s degree in your subject area (some institutions are flexible about specializations)” says Coursera, meaning what a student studied is often more important than the type of degree they received. Finally, students can’t forget to work on their art portfolio, according to Azusa Pacific University artistic potential cannot be measured through grades alone. That’s where (an) MFA portfolio comes into play.”

If a student believes a master’s degree is in their future, they may want to specialize in their pursuit early on in their education and get a BFA. However, that same student may prefer a B.A. to get more out of their liberal arts education before specializing in their graduate program. Similarly, for those looking to pursue an advanced degree, you can receive a Master of Arts (M.A.) or a Master of Fine Arts (MFA), which have similar breadth and depth to their bachelor counterparts.

Long-term Professional Impact

Education is a huge factor when seeking employment. As of 2023, high school graduates had an unemployment rate 1.7% higher than graduates with a bachelor’s degree, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, the most valuable part of any student’s education is the skills they learned.

In the end, only you can decide which type of degree is best for you. Consider the factors of curriculum, graduate studies, and career options, but most of all, research individual programs at each college or university you are considering applying to. Every program is different and there are dozens of unique considerations you will face. 

Interested in beginning your BFA now?

Looking to start your creative career? At Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, you can receive a world-class education in the arts with any of our 11 program paths. With accredited BFAs on-campus or online, you could pursue a bachelor’s in art education, photography, interior design, and more! Request information today.

FAQs: What is the Difference Between a B.A. and a BFA?

1. What does B.A. stand for, and what does BFA stand for?

B.A. stands for Bachelor of Arts, and BFA stands for Bachelor of Fine Arts. The article explains that both are undergraduate degrees, but they differ in curricular structure and emphasis on learning.

2. What is the main difference between a B.A. and a BFA?

A B.A. generally emphasizes broader coursework across liberal arts and general education, while a BFA typically emphasizes more specialized, creation-focused coursework tied closely to a specific art discipline.

3. How is the curriculum structured in a Bachelor of Arts program?

The article describes a B.A. as having a larger share of liberal arts coursework, with a smaller portion dedicated to the student’s major area. This structure supports broad skills like critical thinking and communication.

4. How is the curriculum structured in a Bachelor of Fine Arts program?

The article explains that BFA programs prioritize hands-on creation and a deeper focus in a single discipline. It notes that BFAs include some liberal arts courses, but a larger share of the curriculum is dedicated to studio work, theory, and history related to the chosen area.

5. Do BFA programs require a portfolio for admission?

Often, yes. The article notes that BFA programs often have different admissions requirements than B.A. programs, including a portfolio submission or an audition, depending on the discipline.

6. What careers can you pursue with a B.A. compared to a BFA?

The article explains that B.A. career outcomes vary widely because B.A. programs can apply to many fields and are not always art-specific. In contrast, BFA programs are positioned as more specialized and often aligned to visual arts career paths.

7. How do I choose between a B.A. and a BFA?

The article recommends weighing how specialized you want your coursework to be and how much time you want to spend creating in and outside the classroom. It also suggests aligning the degree choice with your career goals and preferred learning style.

The post What is the difference between a B.A. and a BFA? appeared first on RMCAD.

What is Art Journaling?

An art journal is a visual diary that serves as a creative form of self-care, blending the practice of making art with self-expression. Unlike a traditional written journal, it incorporates colors, images, patterns, and various materials. Some art journals contain extensive writing, while others are primarily filled with images. Nikki Jouppe, an artist and teacher of Intro to Art Journaling, describes it as a “mashup of art and journaling,” where the balance between art and written content varies from one individual to another. According to Jouppe, there is no wrong way to maintain an art journal; engaging in this activity in any form is doing it right.

Benefits of Art Journaling

Art journaling offers a wide array of benefits, making it an invaluable practice for individuals looking to explore creative expression and foster personal growth. As a therapeutic activity, it provides a unique outlet for emotions, offering a safe and personal space to explore and release feelings through both visual and written forms. This act of expression can significantly enhance mindfulness and reduce stress, as it encourages individuals to focus on the present moment while engaging in the creative process. Furthermore, art journaling promotes creativity and innovation, allowing for the freedom to experiment with diverse materials and artistic techniques without fear of judgment. It also serves to boost self-esteem and confidence, as individuals gain a sense of accomplishment from creating and completing artistic projects. Additionally, art journaling can improve problem-solving skills and encourage a deeper connection with one’s thoughts and feelings. Overall, art journaling is not merely a form of self-care; it is a powerful tool for personal development, emotional resilience, and self-discovery.

Getting Started with Art Journaling

Starting an art journal invites a blend of creativity and personal exploration. Whether you’re a seasoned artist or a curious beginner, starting an art journal is a fulfilling way to document your artistic voyage and express your innermost thoughts. Here’s how to begin your own unique journal, tailored to your creative needs and aspirations.

Choosing the Right Sketchbook

Starting an art journal begins with selecting the right sketchbook, which is the foundation of your creative journey. The size of the sketchbook is a crucial consideration; it should be large enough to provide ample space for your artwork but portable enough to carry around easily. Common sizes include A4 for larger works and A5 for a more compact option.

Materials to Use

The materials you utilize will significantly shape your art journaling experience. Beginners may wish to start with essentials such as pencils, pens, watercolors, and acrylic paints. As you grow more confident in your skills, expanding your arsenal to include markers, pastels, inks, and various collage materials like magazine clippings, fabric scraps, and ephemera can enrich your pages.

Type of Paper

The paper in your sketchbook must be compatible with the mediums you intend to use. For artists planning to use mixed media, opt for a sketchbook that features thick, heavyweight paper to adequately support wet media like watercolors and acrylics without buckling. Lighter paper can suffice for primarily dry media applications.

Kind of Binding

The sketchbook binding is crucial as it influences how flat the sketchbook can lay when open, which impacts usability. Spiral-bound sketchbooks are excellent for laying completely flat or folding over, making them extremely practical for active use. Spiral-bound sketchbooks are useful when wanting to take out pages. Alternatively, hardbound sketchbooks offer greater durability and protection, although they may not lay as flat.

With your materials and sketchbook ready, dive into creating. Art journaling is unique in that it imposes no stringent rules—each page is a new opportunity for your thoughts, experiments, and personal expression. Whether you begin with simple sketches, bold paints, or intricate collages, the most important aspect is to relish the creative process and allow your artistic impulses to guide you.

Techniques in Art Journaling

Art journaling offers a vast array of techniques that allow for personal expression and experimentation. Here are some popular methods that can help you unleash your creativity within the pages of your art journal:

Mixed Media

Mixed media in art journaling involves combining various art forms and materials on a single page. This technique may include elements like painting, drawing, collage, and digital prints. The beauty of mixed media lies in its limitless possibilities and the unique outcomes that emerge from layering different textures and media.

Layering

Layering is a technique used to add depth and interest to art journal pages. It involves overlapping multiple materials and elements, such as papers, tags, fabric, and ephemera. Each layer contributes to the complexity of the design, creating rich, textured compositions that tell a visual story.

Stenciling and Stamping

Stenciling and stamping provide a way to add consistent patterns or imagery to your journal. Stencils can be used with inks, paints, or pastes to create crisp, repeated designs, while stamps can be employed for adding text or decorative motifs. Both techniques are excellent for beginners and seasoned artists alike, offering a quick and easy way to embellish your pages.

Writing and Doodling

Incorporating writing and doodling into your art journal turns the page into a canvas for your thoughts and spontaneous sketches. This approach not only decorates your journal but also personalizes it, allowing you to capture fleeting ideas, emotions, and narratives in a visual format.

Watercoloring

Watercoloring is a beloved technique for its fluidity and vibrant hues. It allows for the creation of soft backgrounds or detailed scenes within your art journal. The translucency of watercolors is ideal for layering colors and creating gradient effects, making it perfect for evocative, atmospheric pages.

Each of these techniques can be used individually or combined to create dynamic and visually captivating art journal pages. The key is to experiment and find what resonates with your artistic style and expression.

Creative Prompts and Ideas

Art journaling thrives on creativity and personal expression, and sometimes all it takes to get started is a simple prompt or an inspiring idea. Here are several prompts and ideas to help spark your imagination and fill your art journal pages with meaningful content:

• Mood Tracker

Create a mood tracker using colors, shapes, or images to represent different emotions you experience over a month. This can be a visual reflection of your emotional landscape, helping you identify patterns or triggers.

•  Dream Diary

Dedicate a section of your art journal to interpreting and illustrating your dreams. Use surrealistic or abstract techniques to convey the often elusive and symbolic nature of dreams.

• Seasonal Inspiration

Reflect the changing seasons with pages that capture the colors, textures, and feelings of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Incorporate natural elements, seasonal quotes, or holiday memories specific to each time of the year.

• Favorite Quotes

Create art pages around your favorite quotes. Use lettering techniques to make the quotes visually striking, and decorate the surrounding space with illustrations that enhance or contrast the theme of the quote.

• Music and Lyrics

Let your favorite songs inspire your artwork. Illustrate scenes or emotions that the music evokes, or experiment with visualizing the lyrics in unique and personal ways.

• Self-Portrait

Challenge yourself with a self-portrait that captures more than just your appearance. Include symbols or elements that represent your personality, interests, and dreams.

• Gratitude Page

Maintain a gratitude section where you visually express things you’re thankful for. This can be a recurring theme, where you add something new each week or month.

• Travel Memories

Dedicate pages to past travels or dream destinations. Use maps, photos, and souvenirs to create a visual travel diary that reflects your experiences or aspirations.

• Experimental Techniques

Set aside pages to experiment with new art materials or techniques you haven’t tried before. This could involve mixing media, playing with textures, or practicing different art styles.

These prompts are just starting points. Each page of your art journal is a canvas for your thoughts, feelings, and creativity, and the possibilities are as limitless as your imagination.

Sharing and Community

Art journaling can transcend beyond personal journals and into vibrant online communities and local groups. Platforms like Instagram and Pinterest, along with dedicated art forums, allow artists to showcase their work, discover new inspiration, and connect globally using specific hashtags. Additionally, joining art journaling groups or attending workshops can offer opportunities to learn new techniques, receive feedback, and participate in journaling challenges or collaborative projects.

Engaging in art swaps or mail art can introduce interactive elements to your practice, connecting you with artists worldwide and enriching your perspective. For those who enjoy teaching and sharing, creating tutorials or blogging about your art journaling experiences can further integrate you into the community, helping others while documenting your artistic growth. This communal interaction not only enhances your creative journey but also contributes to a supportive network that values artistic expression and personal growth.

Overcoming Common Challenges

Art journaling, while rewarding, often presents challenges such as the fear of the blank page and perfectionism. To overcome these, start with light background colors or textures to make the page less intimidating and remember that the goal is expression, not perfection. Techniques like setting time limits or engaging in continuous line drawing can help curb meticulous tendencies and foster spontaneity.

Creative blocks and time constraints are other common hurdles. Draw inspiration from your surroundings or use community challenges to reignite creativity. If time is scarce, try scheduling brief, consistent sessions; even a few minutes daily can lead to progress. Avoid overthinking and allow your instincts to guide your creations. Remember, you don’t need expensive materials—everyday items can also yield innovative and personal artwork. Embracing these strategies can make your art journaling more enjoyable and fulfilling.

Art journaling is more than just a creative pastime; it’s a profound means of self-exploration and expression that can impact all areas of one’s life. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced artist, each page of an art journal offers a new opportunity to reflect, grow, and connect with a vibrant community of like-minded creatives. Embrace this artistic journey and discover the transformative power of putting pen, paint, and passion to paper.

Interested in transitioning from art journaling to a professional art career?

Start applying your skills and creativity by exploring the online and on-campus degree programs at RMCAD today.

The post Expressive Journeys: Understanding Art Journaling appeared first on RMCAD.

1. The Louvre Museum (Paris, France)

Located in the heart of Paris, The Louvre is the world’s largest and most-visited art museum with an annual visitor count of almost 8 million. Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” is arguably the museum’s most famous work, attracting tourists from around the globe. Of course, the 652,300-square-foot museum houses many more pieces, educating and inspiring both artists and non-artists alike. “Formerly a royal palace, the Louvre embraces eight centuries of French history. Intended as a universal museum since its creation in 1793, its collections – among the finest in the world – span thousands of years and a territory that extends from America to the confines of Asia,” writes the Paris Tourist Office.

2. The British Museum (London, England)

Founded in 1753, The British Museum boasts a collection of over 8 million objects. Despite the museum being the largest in the United Kingdom, not all of the objects are on-display, but nonetheless it’s an impressive collection. “It was the first national museum to cover all fields of human knowledge, open to visitors from across the world,” explains the institution. It’s important to note that the museum has faced scrutiny over contested objects.

The “Rosetta Stone” is by far the most-seen artwork in the museum, boasting around 6 million annual visitors. The ancient Greek architecture of the museum’s exterior is certainly a sight to behold, giving visitors a look into the museum’s cultural past.

3. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA)

With over 3.2 million visitors each year, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, or simply “the Met,” is one of the United States’ most-visited museums. Located in New York’s Central Park, the Met holds nearly 1.5 million works of art, a pretty impressive collection if you ask us. From ancient Egyptian sculptures to modern American paintings, there’s something for all visitors to appreciate at the museum. According to tourists, you will need to set aside around 3-5 hours to see the museum’s full permanent collection.

4. The Vatican Museums (Vatican City)

Did you know that with a population of just 524, Vatican City, an enclave of Rome, Italy, houses some of the world’s most impressive religious works of art? The Vatican Museums are vast, taking up over half a million-square-feet of space. Some of the works you will find there are Raphael’s “Transfiguration” and Michelangelo’s “The Last Judgment.” Gallery opening hours differ throughout the many museums, so be sure to check ahead of time so you get to see your favorite pieces. In addition to looking at schedules ahead of time, be sure to bring your walking shoes, as Vatican City has no major roadways!

5. The State Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Speaking of famous painters and sculptures, Rembrandt’s “The Return of the Prodigal Son” is widely accepted as being the most-famous piece of work in Russia’s State Hermitage Museum. “Founded in 1764 by Catherine the Great as a court museum. It adjoined the Winter Palace and served as a private gallery for the art amassed by the empress,” explains Britannica. Did you know the exhibitions within the museum house over 3 million objects? The State Hermitage is the world’s largest museum by how many pieces it exhibits.

6. Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy)

Florence, Italy, known as the capital of artists, is home to the historic Uffizi Gallery. Founded in 1581, you can find works by Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. Those interested in art education will find this gallery fascinating due to its extensive collection of sculptures and paintings dating back hundreds of years. “The Uffizi was designed by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de’Medici to house the Granducal Magistratures of Tuscany,” explains the gallery.

7. The Museum of Modern Art (New York, USA)

MoMA, short for the Museum of Modern Art, is another New York staple on our list, located in Midtown Manhattan. The museum opened its doors in 1929 and has since risen to fame, housing pieces such as Vincent Van Gogh’s “The Starry Night” and Salvador Dalí’s “The Persistence of Memory.” Nearly 2 million visitors were welcomed in 2023, making it one of the United States’ most-visited museums.

Pro tip: Did you know that many museums and galleries offer memberships to allow easier access to the arts? Museum membership benefits at the MoMA allow for thousands of locals to enrich their art experience all year.

8. The Prado Museum (Madrid, Spain)

The Prado Museum, recognized in Spain as Museo Nacional del Prado, houses many types of art, but is well-known for its “Egyptian mummies, Greek ceramics and sculptures, and European paintings.” The museum’s collection sits at over 9,000 artistic works on over half a million square-feet of property. Those visiting will appreciate the grandeur of the building’s architecture featuring skylit ceilings and large scale paintings on almost every wall. The museum’s art education program for kids, “Deslizar,” was one of Spain’s first programs of its kind, leading to increased support of art education in schools.

9. The National Gallery (London, England)

Shifting gears 1,000 miles north to London, you will find The National Gallery. This free-to-visit gallery, located in central London, houses over 2,300 works. The most common art you will find here are paintings, sculptures, and ancient artifacts. The museum was founded in 1824 and welcomed over 3 million visitors in 2023. “The National Gallery in London is probably the most famous art museum in the country. It has art pieces from famous artists like Da Vinci, Botticelli, and Van Gogh,” writes tourism organization Let Me Show You London.

10. The Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Birth country of painter Vincent Van Gogh, the Netherlands is no stranger to quality art. The Rijksmuseum is Amsterdam’s most notable museum, displaying over 8,000 objects on its grounds. The pinnacle of the Rijksmuseum’s collection is Rembrandt van Rijn’s “The Night Watch.” “Not only is it the museum’s largest and most important work, but the entire collection is literally built around it, with the Night Watch Gallery at the core of the museum opening into the Gallery of Honor,” explains ARTnews.

Additional Galleries to Consider

Looking for additional exhibitions that didn’t make our top 10? Consider adding these to your list of must-visit galleries around the world.

The Art Institute of Chicago (USA)

Founded in 1879, the Art Institute of Chicago boasts an impressive collection of nearly 300,000 pieces. Perhaps the museum’s most-famous painting, Grant Wood’s “American Gothic” was acquired by the museum in 1930 and continues to impress art enthusiasts today.

Musée d’Orsay (Paris, France)

Heading to “The City of Love?” The Musee d’Orsay represents a small but mighty gallery in the heart of Paris. There, you can view incredible works and painting exhibitions by artists such as Van Gogh and Claude Monet.

National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C., USA)

Located in Washington DC, The National Gallery of Art is a gallery we just couldn’t forget. Visitors can explore the 271,000-square-foot gallery for free where they can view detailed works of western art.

Tokyo National Museum (Japan)

Tokyo National Museum was founded in 1872 and is a must-visit for those in Japan. Welcoming over 2 million visitors a year, Tokyo National Museum resides in Ueno Park in Tokyo, Japan. Those that flock to the institution often leave with a deeper knowledge of Japanese culture and history from the perspective of artists. 

National Museum of Korea (Seoul, South Korea)

The National Museum of Korea is home to many artifacts and traditional artworks that highlight the country’s fascinating history. Established in 1945, the museum serves as South Korea’s historical hub that over 4 million people visit annually.

Looking to take your knowledge to new heights?

Whether you’re intrigued to learn more about art history, the Louvre in Paris, or the historic arts of South Korea, advancing your education in art and design can lead to a lifelong appreciation for these museums and exhibitions. Consider earning your BFA at Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design on-campus or online today.

The post 15 of the World’s Most Famous Art Galleries + Museums appeared first on RMCAD.

Therefore, it is more appropriate to refer to these expressions as “Indigenous visual culture” or “art and visual culture.” This terminology begins to address the imposition of Western concepts on Indigenous creations, acknowledging that what might be termed “art” in a Western context is, for many Indigenous communities, an integral part of life that cannot be separated from their cultural practices, spirituality, and identity. Indigenous visual culture encompasses a wide range of works, creations, and movements that are foundational to their traditions and customs, offering insights into the rich and diverse ways Indigenous peoples understand and interact with the world.

Understanding Indigenous Art

Before you can begin studying Indigenous art concepts and exploring artwork that has been created by Native American people, it’s essential to understand that Indigenous art is a broad term referring to any type of art created by Indigenous people.

A commonly held misconception about Indigenous art — in large part due to cultural colonialism and appropriation — is assuming that it is a single type of art with similar patterns, features, or themes. The term Indigenous people refers to a massive group of individuals and tribes who first lived on the land that became the Americas, and there was significant beauty in their diversity. 

Thoroughly intertwined with tribal life, philosophy and spirituality, Indigenous art embodies a complex narrative of identity and resilience. This art form challenges the conventional boundaries between art and craft, pushing for a recognition that is inclusive of its unique cultural significance. There are distinct differences between tribes and across time periods, which ultimately influenced the Indigenous art created throughout the centuries. 

In the landscape of Indigenous art, artists are challenging traditional perceptions by integrating contemporary materials with age-old techniques. For example, contemporary Indigenous art created today may include traditional techniques or designs, yet it also may reference modern perspectives and experiences. This fusion both underscores the resilience and adaptability of Indigenous traditions and seeks broader recognition within the art community. Through such innovative works, artists are bridging the gap between past and present, highlighting the continuous thread of cultural identity and the enduring spirit of Indigenous artistry. 

Demonstrating this in a conversation published by the National Endowment for the Arts, Keli Mashburn (Osage) and Marcella Ernest (Ojibwe) seek to dispel myths and present something beautiful and positive through their work. Mashburn’s approach to creating art is to focus on the resilience that survives chaos, using landscapes and the metaphor of wildfires to illustrate survival and renewal. This perspective emphasizes the essential message of Indigenous art as a vibrant, evolving expression of identity, deeply rooted in the land and cultural heritage.

Diverse Indigenous Art Forms

Indigenous art encompasses a diverse range of forms, which highlights the varied role that art has long played in the culture and traditions of Indigenous people. The types of art forms may vary from one region to another or from one tribe to the next, yet all forms of Indigenous art seem to portray the beauty of tradition, the power of resilience and the commitment to preserving history.

Traditional Visual Arts

Traditional Indigenous visual arts are ingrained in tribal histories, stories and symbols, embodying a rich cultural heritage that transcends mere decoration or utility. These arts include pottery, weaving, sculpting, painting, beadwork and more, each with unique styles and meanings specific to different tribes. 

However, the appreciation of these art forms by non-Native audiences has been hindered by historical misrepresentations and a lack of understanding of the diverse cultures and histories of Native American tribes. Contemporary artists challenge these perceptions by reimagining traditional art forms with modern materials and themes. They further illustrate that traditional and contemporary Indigenous art are not mutually exclusive but can instead coexist as evolving expressions of Indigenous identity and resilience. 

Performance Arts (Dance, Music, Theater)

Cultural expressions among Indigenous peoples have long been essential in conveying stories, history, and religious traditions. These expressions, deeply rooted in the community’s way of life, encompass a wide range of activities that might be seen by outsiders as forms of performance art but are, in fact, much more significant within their original context.

For Indigenous communities, these activities are not “performances” in the Western sense but are lived expressions of culture, spirituality, and identity. They serve to strengthen communal bonds, pass down knowledge across generations, and connect individuals with their ancestors, the natural world, and the spiritual realm. This could include ceremonies, dances, songs, and other forms of expression that are integral to the community’s cultural fabric.

Such cultural expressions are deeply embedded in the daily lives and ceremonial practices of Indigenous peoples, reflecting a holistic understanding of existence where art, spirituality, and life are inseparable. Recognizing the profound significance of these expressions requires moving beyond the concept of performance to appreciate their role as vital components of Indigenous cultures’ resilience and vitality.

Traditional dances, performances and songs have often been passed down from generation to generation. As per the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, many contemporary Native American performers do not necessarily consider themselves artists, but rather storytellers or preservationists. They attribute their performances to the rich history of their people and rely on dance, song, storytelling and performance to keep that heritage alive. NORC notes that many of these culture bearers do not consider themselves artists because they are not using the art form to pursue personal gain; instead, they aim to continue linking the modern world with their ancient communities.

Indigenous Textiles and Artistic Expressions

Crafts and textiles are incredibly common among Indigenous artworks, with many of these items being crafted for practical purposes while still highlighting the beauty, tradition, religion and culture of the tribe. One of the most well-known examples of Native American art is woven Navajo art. As described by the Indiana University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Digital Exhibits, Navajo woven art consists primarily of woven wool textile pieces, including blankets, garments and rugs. A number of the traditional Navajo woven blankets include geometric designs, which promote the culture’s emphasis on balance and harmony. However, many of the designs throughout the centuries were influenced by European preferences, as the Navajo people often traded blankets for other goods with European settlers and traders.

Notable Indigenous Artists

Across generations, there have been hundreds upon hundreds of notable Indigenous artists. Some of the most well-known Indigenous artists of modern times include:

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith

Jaune Quick-to-See Smith is a Native American artist of French-Cree, Shoshone and Salish descent who primarily focuses on paintings and drawings, many of which highlight the influence of nature and horses throughout her childhood and adolescence. As outlined by the Smithsonian American Art Museum, she lives and works in New Mexico, so her art often includes landscape elements from that region. Her drawings and paintings are often landscape works that feature her childhood horse and other elements of Native American culture, such as tepees, pottery and other artifacts.

Jim Pepper

Jim Pepper was a Native American musician of Creek and Kaw descent who is best known for bringing the influence of Native American music to the modern American jazz scene. In accordance with Smithsonian Music, Jim Pepper was a renowned saxophone player and a member of Charlie Haden’s Liberation Music Orchestra. As he worked to compose his own music, he often incorporated Kaw melodies into his work, bringing Native American fusion to the forefront of American jazz culture.

Fritz Scholder

Fritz Scholder was a prominent Native American artist known for his provocative and transformative depiction of Native American life and culture. Part Luiseno (a California Mission tribe), Scholder chose not to be defined solely as a Native American artist. His work transcended traditional boundaries and stereotypes, blending elements of Abstract Expressionism with pop and figurative art. Scholder’s paintings are characterized by their vibrant colors, stark imagery, and sometimes unsettling themes, challenging viewers to reconsider Native American identity and the portrayal of Indigenous peoples in contemporary art. He played a crucial role in the Native American Fine Art Movement, influencing generations of artists by encouraging them to express their realities through art without being confined by expected norms or traditional styles.

Indigenous Art as Activism

Art of all types is designed to evoke emotion and promote self-expression, which has led to a long, intertwined link between art and activism. This is true in Indigenous cultures as well, particularly in modern times, as Indigenous people work to preserve their cultures, share their authentic stories and promote social justice causes. The Center for Native American Youth reports that Indigenous artists rely on the rich tradition of storytelling in order to create works of art that advocate for the needs of Native American people across the country.

Role of Indigenous Art in Education and Cultural Preservation

Indigenous art can and should play a prominent role in modern education, particularly in an age where educators should strive to ensure everyone feels represented, seen and heard within the classroom environment. By including Indigenous art in any art curriculum — and not relegating it to a specific class or a specialized unit — teachers and instructors can engage in honest discussions with their students and help play a vital role in cultural preservation.

How Can We Support and Respect Indigenous Art?

Indigenous art not only highlights the rich culture and traditions of Indigenous people, but it also highlights the interconnected role that we all play in history. Anyone who is consuming or purchasing Indigenous art should try to support the Indigenous artists and respect the work they have created.

Together, we can make a more conscious effort to support and respect Indigenous art by:

• Purchasing art directly from an Indigenous artist, rather than opting for a mass-produced work that was not created using traditional methods or materials.

• Visiting Native American cultural centers to learn more about the culture and history of the artists themselves.

• Displaying art in a respectful way that honors the culture and community.

• Avoid wearing costumes or jewelry in a way that appropriates Indigenous cultures and pokes fun at their traditions.

Explore Your Passion for Art at Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design

At Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, our curriculum is designed to provide a comprehensive exploration of various mediums and techniques, with a special emphasis on inclusivity and the representation of diverse cultures. Among our offerings, we are proud to feature Professor Crisosto Apache’s class on Indigenous Poetics, an innovative course that delves deep into the rich tapestry of Indigenous cultures’ visual cultures. This class, along with our art history survey courses, provides students with the opportunity to explore and appreciate the significance of Indigenous cultures in the realm of art and visual culture.

Our commitment to fostering an inclusive educational environment extends beyond our curriculum. We boast a vibrant community of students who identify as Indigenous, and we are dedicated to supporting their academic and artistic journeys. Whether you choose to engage with us on-campus or online, our programs are designed to align with your personal and professional goals, encouraging a deep and respectful engagement with the diverse cultures that shape our world.

Request more information about our inclusive online and on-campus degree programs today, and learn how you can contribute to and benefit from our diverse community at Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design.

The post Celebrating Heritage: Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Indigenous Art appeared first on RMCAD.

These artists have played a pivotal role in movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, a period marked by an explosion of cultural, social, and artistic expressions that celebrated Black life and cultural identity. Far from focusing solely on themes of inequity, this era, and others like the Black Arts Movement, embraced the joy, resilience, and creativity inherent in Black communities, contributing significantly to the global art scene. Their artworks, displayed in prestigious venues like the Museum of Modern Art, have left an indelible mark on art history worldwide.

While it’s true that Black artists have faced—and continue to face—significant challenges, including under recognition and barriers to fair compensation, it’s crucial to celebrate their achievements and contributions. Black History Month offers a prime opportunity to shine a spotlight on these creatives, advocating for diversity and inclusion in the art world. Let’s honor the legacy of Black artists by exploring the depth and breadth of their contributions, from those who laid the foundations of cultural movements to contemporary figures shaping the future of art.

Join us on a journey through African American art history, where we’ll highlight key figures who, with their creativity, bravery, and empathy, have changed the world. Discover the artists who, across generations, have celebrated life and culture through their work, contributing to a richer, more inclusive understanding of art and humanity.

1. Kara Walker

Kara Walker is renowned for her innovative use of cut-paper silhouettes. These dynamic, thought-provoking pieces transform simple black forms into complex narratives that captivate and challenge the viewer. While Walker’s work often confronts themes of inequity, violence, and the historical oppression of African Americans, her portfolio is not limited to these subjects alone.

Her artistry extends beyond the exploration of these heavy themes to include a broader examination of identity, power, and the nuanced dynamics of history and culture. Walker’s silhouettes, though famous for their stark depiction of Antebellum-era folklore and its legacy, also engage with a wide array of subjects. Her creations are a testament to the complexity of the African American experience, offering commentary that ranges from the deeply personal to the broadly historical.

In addition to her iconic silhouette installations, Walker’s work encompasses a variety of mediums and techniques, showcasing her versatility as an artist. From her detailed drawings and prints to her ambitious public sculptures, Walker employs a rich palette of artistic languages to engage with the viewer. Her ability to revive and repurpose historical art forms with contemporary relevance demonstrates a unique blend of innovation and homage to the past.

Walker’s contributions to art extend beyond her visual creations; her work invites a re-examination of the narratives that have shaped American consciousness. By challenging viewers to confront uncomfortable truths and reconsider the stories we tell about our history, Walker plays a crucial role in the ongoing dialogue about race, memory, and identity in America.

2. Jean-Michel Basquiat

Notorious throughout the 1980s for his street art conveying concepts such as segregation and poverty, Jean-Michel Basquiat is said to have “lived like a flame,” driven by passion. His work was groundbreaking within the neo-expressionist movement, but he also held a lot of celebrity appeal: When he was featured in The New York Times in 1985, he was proclaimed to be an “art star.”

Since his early death, Basquiat has secured a cult following, with his works selling for tens of millions.

3. Hank Willis Thomas

Conceptual artist Hank Willis Thomas is fascinated by — and concerned with — the systems of inequality threaded into every aspect of our modern society. Utilizing his elite photography skills to great effect, his work takes a nuanced look at the stereotypes we’ve so often been fed about the African American community, especially as they relate to film, television, and advertising.

Thomas wants to demonstrate how racism and injustice are not merely a thing of the past but, rather, a central facet of our consumerist culture. Meanwhile, he is making a difference through the nonprofit For Freedoms, which aims to boost civic engagement

4. Tre Seals

Tre Seals is a groundbreaking graphic designer whose innovative work extends beyond aesthetics to address crucial social themes. As the founder of Vocal Type Co., Seals has carved a niche for himself by focusing on diversity and inclusion within the realm of typography, making him a highly relevant figure for students exploring contemporary design and social impact through art.

His work, celebrated for its unique approach to typeface design, draws inspiration from historical civil rights movements, aiming to bring underrepresented stories to the forefront of visual communication. By doing so, Seals contributes to a more inclusive visual culture, challenging the status quo and encouraging a dialogue about history, identity, and representation in design.

Seals’ participation in the VASD (Visual Arts and Social Design) program highlights his commitment to using design as a tool for social change. His approach to graphic design is not just about creating visually appealing content but about imparting messages that resonate with and reflect the diversity of human experiences. Through his creative endeavors, Seals has become a beacon for aspiring designers, demonstrating how art and activism can intersect to produce meaningful and transformative work.

By integrating social justice themes into his design work, Tre Seals offers a contemporary example of how artists and designers can contribute to societal discourse and change. His commitment to diversity in design education and practice makes his work particularly relevant to students seeking to understand the role of art and design in addressing societal issues.

5. Norman Lewis

Norman Lewis was a talented abstract painter and one of the only African Americans to gain recognition in the earliest days of the abstract expressionist movement. His work was still tragically overlooked for years, although it is now finally starting to get the respect and acclaim it has always deserved.

Lewis was notable for his dynamic works and how they evolved so considerably over time. After capturing the most emotional and impactful moments of the 1930s, he moved into new abstractions during the 1950s while retaining a clear interest in (and understanding of) how social injustice shapes our world.

6. Betye Saar

Betye Saar, an iconic African American artist, has been transforming the landscape of contemporary art with her powerful assemblage works. Saar’s creations delve into the African American experience, intertwining themes of spirituality, racism, and feminism, making her a pivotal figure in the discussion of race and identity in art. Her work challenges societal norms and invites viewers to reconsider historical narratives and cultural stereotypes.

Saar’s most renowned piece, “The Liberation of Aunt Jemima,” is a quintessential example of her ability to repurpose everyday objects into profound statements on identity and history. By reimagining the stereotypical image of Aunt Jemima, Saar critiques racial caricatures and reclaim power through art. Her innovative use of mixed media combines found objects, photographs, and traditional African symbols to create layered, narrative-driven pieces that resonate with cultural and historical depth.

Throughout her career, Saar has consistently explored themes relevant to the African American community, using her art as a medium for social change and cultural expression. Her contributions go beyond aesthetics, offering critical reflections on the complexities of race, gender, and spirituality in America.

Saar’s work encourages a re-examination of African American history and identity, making her an essential figure for those interested in the intersections of art, activism, and cultural heritage. Her legacy is a testament to the power of art to challenge, inspire, and transform our understanding of the world.

7. Kerby Jean-Raymond

Kerby Jean-Raymond, the visionary founder of Pyer Moss, stands at the forefront of fashion, blending storytelling, activism, and innovation to redefine what fashion means in the modern world. Jean-Raymond’s work transcends traditional boundaries of the industry, using his platform to address social justice issues, celebrate Black culture, and provoke thoughtful discussion on race, politics, and identity.

Pyer Moss’s collections are more than just clothing; they are powerful narratives that challenge societal norms and highlight underrepresented stories within the African American community. Jean-Raymond’s approach to fashion is revolutionary, incorporating elements of theatre, film, and art to create immersive experiences that resonate deeply with audiences. His shows are celebrated for their cultural significance, often serving as platforms for social commentary and community engagement.

Beyond his collections, Jean-Raymond’s influence extends to his advocacy for diversity and inclusion within the fashion industry, making him a role model for aspiring designers and creatives. His commitment to using fashion as a force for change has garnered international acclaim, positioning him as a pivotal figure in the push towards a more equitable and inclusive fashion landscape.

Kerby Jean-Raymond’s journey is a testament to the power of fashion as a medium for storytelling and social impact, making his work particularly relevant to students interested in exploring how creativity can be harnessed to influence society and culture.

8. Kehinde Wiley

Kehinde Wiley has revolutionized the world of portraiture by infusing it with fresh perspectives and contemporary relevance. Known for his vibrant, larger-than-life paintings that blend traditional techniques with modern themes, Wiley’s work challenges and redefines norms of representation in art. By portraying African American individuals in poses and settings that echo classical artworks, Wiley bridges the past with the present, offering a powerful commentary on identity, power, and society.

Wiley’s most notable work, perhaps, is his portrait of former President Barack Obama, which broke new ground by presenting a sitting president in a way that was both deeply personal and profoundly symbolic. This portrait not only cemented Wiley’s place in art history but also underscored his role in shaping the narrative around African American identity and excellence.

Beyond his celebrated portraits, Wiley’s commitment to diversity and inclusivity in the arts is evident through his initiatives to provide platforms and visibility for underrepresented artists. His work not only captivates viewers with its bold aesthetics and intricate detail but also sparks important conversations about race, culture, and history in America.

Kehinde Wiley’s influence extends beyond the canvas, as he continues to inspire a new generation of artists to explore and express their identities through art. His contributions to contemporary art make his work particularly relevant to students and young creatives looking to understand the role of art in social discourse and personal expression.

9. Catt Small

Catt Small, as a game designer and developer, is reshaping the landscape of interactive media with her innovative and inclusive approach to game creation. Small’s work stands out for its focus on diversity, storytelling, and accessibility, making her a significant figure for students interested in the convergence of technology, art, and social impact.

With a career that spans various roles within the gaming industry, Small has contributed to the development of engaging and meaningful games that challenge traditional narratives and embrace a wide array of perspectives. Her projects often explore themes relevant to the African American experience, as well as broader social issues, through immersive gameplay and thoughtful design.

Beyond her contributions to game development, Small is also passionate about education and empowerment within the tech and gaming communities. She actively works to provide resources, mentorship, and support for underrepresented voices in the field, striving to create a more inclusive and equitable gaming landscape.

Catt Small’s influence extends beyond her game titles; she is a role model for aspiring game designers and developers, demonstrating the power of games as a medium for storytelling, cultural expression, and social commentary. Her work not only entertains but also educates and inspires, making it especially relevant to students exploring the intersections of art, technology, and activism.

10. Toni Morrison

As one of America’s most famous and inspiring novelists, Toni Morrison used the power of the written word to explain the complexities of the Black experience — and especially the experience of being a Black woman. She earned widespread acclaim with her novel Song of Solomon, which expands upon themes from her noteworthy early works (such as Sula and The Bluest Eye) but expands to detail a painful and powerful century of African American history.

Morrison was often referred to as a “poetic writer” but did not appreciate this categorization, as she felt that drawing too much attention to her lyrical accomplishments took attention away from the strength of her thematic content. These days, her body of work has an undeniable influence on novelists and other artists eager to follow in her footsteps.

11. Maya Angelou

As one of the most inspirational and aspirational figures of the 20th and early 21st centuries, Maya Angelou attracted a great deal of attention with the iconic autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. A sobering story that includes many painful moments, these recollections provide a glimpse into Angelou’s immense talent.

In addition to her many autobiographies and books of poetry, Angelou was also a major presence in the theater scene, where, as in poetry and literature, she helped to usher in greater diversity. Across the many styles and mediums she explored, she wanted to share her experience because she believed “I owe it to you to tell you.”

12. Spike Lee

Beloved film director and screenwriter Spike Lee continually explores difficult but important topics through his cinematic works. He is especially committed to exploring the complexity and evolution of race relations through a variety of films grounded (in different ways) within the Black urban environment. His most memorable works include Malcolm X and Do the Right Thing. His impact on cinema is undeniable, as he has not only broadened viewers’ perspectives with his own work but also encouraged many other African American filmmakers to share their stories.

13. Mickalene Thomas

Mickalene Thomas, a dynamic force in contemporary art, challenges and expands the boundaries of representation, beauty, and the African American female identity through her groundbreaking work. Thomas is renowned for her bold, multi-textured paintings and mixed-media installations that explore femininity, race, sexuality, and beauty through the lens of her subjects, often drawing from popular culture and the art historical canon.

Her distinctive use of rhinestones, acrylics, and enamel showcases a unique style that combines various textures and mediums to create complex, vibrant portraits and landscapes. Thomas’s art not only captivates with its aesthetic appeal but also provokes thoughtful discourse on the representation of Black women in art and society, making her work profoundly relevant to discussions on diversity, identity, and empowerment.

Thomas’s exhibitions and installations provide immersive experiences that invite viewers to engage with the narratives she crafts, reflecting her vision of a world where African American women are seen, celebrated, and understood in all their complexity. By incorporating elements of pop art, classical genres, and contemporary cultural references, she bridges the past with the present, inviting a dialogue that spans generations.

Mickalene Thomas’s contribution to contemporary art extends beyond her visual creations; she actively participates in educational initiatives and public talks, aiming to inspire the next generation of artists. Her work is particularly significant for students exploring the intersections of art, identity, and social justice, offering a powerful example of how creativity can be used to challenge stereotypes and foster a more inclusive cultural dialogue.

14. Aretha Franklin

Frequently referred to as the Queen of Soul, Aretha Franklin got listeners tapping their toes with catchy songs such as Respect and I Say a Little Prayer. Heavily involved in the fight for racial justice and women’s rights, Franklin believed that music could pave the path to a better world. Other accomplishments include being named the first woman in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, plus earning a Grammy Legend Award and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

15. Beyoncé

The epitome of the modern pop star, Beyoncé has exhibited true artistry in her work while making waves with her signature staccato style. She first found game as a member of the pop group Destiny’s Child but soon set out on her own, releasing several remarkable studio albums and attracting massive audiences to her concert tours.

Beyoncé’s Super Bowl performance exemplified her music’s Black female perspective, but no matter where she is performing or which types of albums she records, her charisma and talent empower listeners on a global scale.

16. Alvin Ailey

As the founder of the iconic and eponymous Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Alvin Ailey paid homage to the unique and deeply complicated experiences of African Americans. His awe-inspiring choreography found inspiration in ballet, modern dance, and traditional African dances.

In addition to transforming storytelling through concert dance, Ailey also aimed to bring artistic opportunities to underserved communities. He believed that artistic education could be deeply beneficial to people from all backgrounds, and this emphasis ultimately revolutionized how African Americans participated in and contributed to the dance world.

17. Jacob Lawrence

The United States art scene was highly segregated for a long time, but that began to change with help from Jacob Lawrence. Instrumental in breaking down divides during the mid-20th century, Lawrence made his mark with serialized works such as Migration of the Negro. He used the term ‘dynamic cubism’ to describe his style while documenting the experiences of such notable historical figures as Frederick Douglass. Many works also captured the intricacies of daily life in New York City, especially from the perspective of African American residents.

Make an Artistic Statement With RMCAD

Ready to share your story through the power of art? At the Rocky Mountain College of Art + Design, we strongly understand the power of diverse perspectives, which we encourage through our many art-focused degree programs. Reach out today to learn more about our online and in-person opportunities.

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Understanding Art Conservation and Restoration

Although the terms are often used in conjunction with one another, art conservation and art restoration refer to two separate, yet intertwined, processes. Art restoration refers to the repair and restoration of artworks and artifacts that have suffered damage due to physical injury or natural decay. Art conservation is the process of preserving and maintaining art and artifacts to prevent further deterioration.

Importance of Art Conservation in Preserving Cultural Heritage

The tools and techniques of art conservation and restoration are vital to preserving cultural heritage. The professionals who do this work are usually called conservators or restorers, and their knowledge of art history and chemistry is indispensable to both protecting and restoring culturally significant works. Their hard work ensures current and future generations can continue to enjoy access to these artworks that are so integral to a community developing a sense of cultural identity.  

Role of Restoration in Art Conservation

Restoration is central to art conservation efforts. The pigments and materials used by artists and craftsmen throughout history are susceptible to damage caused by time, sunlight, water, mold and mildew, and human carelessness. The efforts of conservators help bring works of art as close as possible to their original appearance. Fixing damage and removing dirt, grime and discolored varnish restore these objects to their former glory, increasing their value and allowing art enthusiast of today and tomorrow to appreciate their beauty and cultural significance more fully. Seeing artworks before and after restoration can really highlight the impact restoration efforts have on art conservation – the improvement in appearance can be truly astounding!

Colorado’s Cultural Heritage 

Colorado’s cultural heritage is shaped by a diverse array of ethnic and historical influences, ranging from a long history of Native American presence in the region to the state’s role in the mining boom of the 19^th century. Such a rich cultural heritage requires concerted efforts to preserve it for future generations.

Historical Artifacts and Collections

It would take a whole book (perhaps multiple volumes) to truly do justice to the vast array of historical artifacts and collections contained within Colorado’s borders. A couple noteworthy examples of efforts to preserve, protect and restore these valuable cultural artifacts include:

Mesa Verde Artifacts

Mesa Verde National Park was founded in 1906 by President Teddy Roosevelt to “preserve the works of man.” The works he is referring to are some of the most impressive examples of Ancestral Puebloan archeological sites in the nation. Unfortunately, a Swedish researcher named Gustaf Nordenskiöld came across the region in his travels 16 years prior and proceeded to excavate and export hundreds of items across the Atlantic. Nordenskiöld seems to have had decent intentions, truly valuing the sites for their archaeological and cultural value. He was appalled by the destruction caused by looters and black-market profiteers and set about obtaining as many artifacts as he could, archiving them in careful records, with many of the objects he stole ending up in the National Museum of Finland in Helsinki. The Finnish government is now cooperating with the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office to repatriate these precious items to descendant tribes in Colorado.

Denver Art Museum Collection

The Denver Art Museum was founded in 1893 as the Denver Artists’ Club and houses more than 70,000 artifacts and works of art. Their 12 collections span from ancient Indigenous arts of North America to modern and contemporary art, with a special emphasis on works by artists from the Rocky Mountain region. The museum is committed to conservation efforts, establishing a dedicated conservation department in 1991. This department includes “five conservators with specialties in works of art on paper, photographs, paintings, textiles, archaeological and ethnographic objects, and modern and contemporary art.

Impact of Conservation on State’s Cultural Identity

Conservation efforts can be a cornerstone of a state’s identity by shaping how its residents, visitors and the world perceive and relate to it. When state governments, museums and citizens prioritize preserving their state’s natural landscapes, historic sites, and cultural artifacts, the deeper cultural and historical significance of these objects and locations form a part of residents’ identities. Protecting your home’s cultural heritage instills a sense of pride in your community and a connection to the state’s present, past and future. Examples of cultural heritage efforts of import to Colorado include:

Colorado Mining Heritage

Mining has been vital to Colorado’s economy since the Gold Rush of the 1800s. Colorado’s Department of Reclamation, Mining & Safety is responsible for the Abandoned Mine Reclamation program that addresses safeguarding and closing down abandoned mines in the region. The Western Museum of Mining & Industry was established in 1970 to preserve and interpret the “rich mining history of Colorado and the American West.” Nonprofits like the San Juan County Historical Society (SJCHS) have dedicated themselves to preserving Colorado’s storied mining heritage, operating the “Mining Heritage Center, the 1902 County Jail Museum in Silverton, the Mayflower Mill Tour, the Allen Nossaman Memorial Archive, and the Silverton Power Station.” The entire mining town of Silverton has been designated a National Historic Landmark, along with the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroads. These are but a handful of examples of initiatives and organizations across the state working to preserve and share Colorado’s mining history with residents and visitors.

Indigenous Art Preservation

The Denver Art Museum was one of the first American museums to begin collecting and preserving North American Indigenous art. The museum houses “over 18,000 objects by artists from over 250 Indigenous nations,” making it one of the most comprehensive collections in the world. Meanwhile, the University of Denver Museum of Anthropology is home to over 100,000 anthropological artifacts, including the Franktown Cave Collection and the E. B. Renaud Collection. The University strives to serve as a “training center in the ethical stewardship of museum collections,” working with Tribal Nations in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Steps Involved in the Restoration Process

Art restoration aims to preserve the integrity of a work of art or architecture while cleaning and repairing any damage or decay that has afflicted the work in the intervening years. The exact conservation techniques required to restore an artifact will depend on factors such as its medium, condition and state of decay. For the sake of example, let’s examine the restoration process for a painting:

Preliminary Assessment

Conservators use their wealth of knowledge regarding art, history, chemistry and materials science to “determine painting techniques, materials available to artists during the time, and pigments and fabrics that were commonly used.” Once this background information is established, the research and analysis stage can begin to pinpoint the specifics of the piece in question.

Research and Analysis

Once a conservator has a pretty good idea of a painting’s period and probable composition, they will conduct research to verify their educated assumptions. Researching a work’s provenance can reveal a history of any alterations that may have been done. They can also verify specifics like what pigments were used through a variety of scientific analyses. X-rays can help determine the painting’s composition, infrared imaging can reveal the original drawing underneath the layers of paint, and spectroscopy can help conservators determine the composition of the varnishes used.

Cleaning and Surface Preparation

After obtaining a holistic picture of the painting’s history, composition, techniques and pigments, conservators can proceed with the cleaning and surface preparation process. Restorers will conduct solubility tests to verify that the cleaning agents chosen will effectively remove old varnish, dust and dirt while maintaining the painting’s integrity.

Structural Stabilization

Paintings, especially those on canvas or other flexible supports, are susceptible to damage over time. The goal of structural stabilization is to address these problems and prevent further deterioration, ensuring the painting’s long-term preservation. Conservators will mend tears and holes, apply varnish to separate new paint from old, re-adhere sections of canvas that have come loose, and fill and reinforce cracks and slits.

Varnishing and Final Protection

After all repairs have been completed and damaged areas have been carefully repainted using period-appropriate pigments, conservation-grade varnish can be applied to improve the overall appearance of the painting and “ensure that a professionally restored work will rarely need further conservation.”

Conservation Challenges

Efforts to protect Colorado’s natural and cultural heritage are threatened by several environmental and economic factors. Many of the state’s cultural sites, for example, are protected by governmental, nonprofit and private organizations all vying for the same funding sources. An increase in population means the demand for land development increasingly infringes upon efforts to conserve Colorado’s natural heritage sites. Meanwhile, extreme weather events like wildfires, flashfloods and landslides are increasing in prevalence due to climate change and directly threaten cultural heritage sites and historical structures. Proactive strategies such as robust disaster preparedness plans are integral to addressing these issues.

Colorado Art Conservation Resources

Colorado’s vibrant cultural heritage is protected by a diverse and dedicated community of conservators, art enthusiasts, governmental agencies, and public and private institutions. A few standouts in the fight to maintain Colorado’s cultural legacy for future generations include:

Western Center for the Conservation of Fine Arts (WCCFA)

WCCFA has been in the conservation business for over 35 years, offering “public lectures, seminars, and workshops focusing on proper care, handling, storage, and examination techniques” to educate museum professionals and the general public about art conservation. With a nationally respected reputation in the conservation field, WCCFA helps establish, maintain and promote professional best practices in art conservation.

Colorado Preservation, Inc.

Founded in 1984 as a 501(c)3 nonprofit originally called Preservation Action Colorado, Colorado Preservation, Inc. is a grassroots organization dedicated to preserving Colorado’s built heritage. Their public policy committee’s efforts have resulted in the passing of the State Income Tax Credit for Historic Rehabilitation of 1990, and their Endangered Places Program has assisted dozens of communities in their preservation efforts across the state.

Americas for Conservation+the Arts (AFC+A)

AFC+A is a Latina-founded and led 501(c)3 nonprofit that addresses racism in the conservation space while “advancing community resilience, a citizenry of environmental stewards, [and] leveraging arts and culture for conservation gains.” Their culturally relevant educational programs promote the presence of BIPOC and historically underserved communities in the fight against climate change.

Impact of Art Conservation on Future Generations

Art conservation serves as a bridge between the past and the future, fostering an appreciation for cultural diversity, encouraging creativity, and contributing to a collective heritage that transcends time. The impact of art conservation in shaping the cultural legacy that future generations inherit cannot be overstated. Cultural and artistic conservation efforts serve to preserve art, artifacts and locations so people who are not yet born will one day be able to enjoy and learn from them. Conservation maintains artistic diversity, ensuring the artistic accomplishments of various communities are not lost. Exposure to and education on the cultural heritage of your state can inspire creativity and environmental stewardship while fostering a sense of cultural identity. 

Ignite Your Passion: Apply to RMCAD’s Programs Today!

Are you ready to join the art movement in Colorado? Rocky Mountain College of Art & Design has on-campus and online programs ranging from fine arts and art education to graphic design and animation. Request more information or apply today!

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